なくて (Reasons and Causes)
Not ~ and, Not so, Because not
JLPT N4
Pattern
Verb (ない-form → なくて), result
How it works
なくて can give a reason: “because ~ didn't happen”. The result is usually a feeling or situation, not a request or decision: 電話がこなくて心配した (I was worried because you didn't call).
Examples
- バスが こなくて こまりました。The bus didn't come, so I was stuck.
- かれの 話が わからなくて、こまりました。I couldn't understand what he said, so I was at a loss.
Related grammar
Further reading
Bunpro N4 · Lesson 1Put your practice together
Work through a complete paper at your own pace or choose a timed mock exam. No account is needed to begin.