までに (By ~)

By ~, By the time that ~, Before ~

JLPT N4
Pattern

Time / Verb (dictionary form) + までに

How it works

までに sets a deadline: “by”. The action must be done at some point before that time. Compare まで, which means the action continues until then: 5時までにかえる (be back by 5) vs 5時まではたらく (work until 5).

Examples

  • 金曜日までに レポートを 出して ください。Please hand in the report by Friday.
  • 会議は 11時半までには 終わると 思います。I think the meeting will finish by 11:30.

Related grammar

Further reading

Bunpro N4 · Lesson 2

Put your practice together

Work through a complete paper at your own pace or choose a timed mock exam. No account is needed to begin.
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